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Upsc prelims

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

🔆 Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

📍 Why in News?
✅ Janaushadhi Diwas (7 March) is observed to raise awareness about Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana and promote the use of affordable generic medicines.

📍 About PMBJP

✅ Launched: 2008 as Jan Aushadhi Scheme

✅ Revamped: 2015 as PMBJP

✅ Objective:
• Provide quality generic medicines at affordable prices to the public.

✅ Nodal Agency:
• Department of Pharmaceuticals

✅ Implementation Agency:
• Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Bureau of India

📍 Key Initiatives under PMBJP

✅ Janaushadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkin
• Oxo-biodegradable sanitary pads available at ₹1 per pad.
• Promotes affordable menstrual hygiene.

✅ Jan Aushadhi Sugam Mobile App
• Helps users locate nearby Kendras, check medicine availability and compare prices.

✅ Expansion of Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs)
• Franchise-based model to expand affordable medicine outlets nationwide.

✅ Cooperative Sector Participation
• Uses rural cooperative networks to improve last-mile access to medicines.

✅ JAKs at Railway Stations
• Ensures access to affordable medicines for travellers and migrant workers.

📍 Major Achievements

✅ Wide Network Expansion
• 18,000+ Jan Aushadhi Kendras established across India.

✅ Large Medicine Basket
• 2000+ medicines and 300+ surgical items available.

✅ Huge Public Savings
• Medicines worth ₹7,700 crore sold (by June 2025).
• Generated ₹38,000 crore savings for citizens.

📍 Significance

✅ Improves accessibility and affordability of medicines.
✅ Reduces out-of-pocket health expenditure.
✅ Strengthens public healthcare and generic medicine usage in India.

#goverment_schemes

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

Duniya mein raho, par uljho mat || Krishna Wisdom

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

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🔆 Somnath Temple

📍 Context
✅ Prime Minister paid tribute to Somnath Temple, marking 1000 years since the first attack on Somnath (1026 AD).

📍 Location
✅ Situated at Prabhas Patan, near Veraval, in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat
✅ Located along the Arabian Sea coastline

📍 Religious Significance
✅ One of the 12 sacred Jyotirlings of Lord Shiva
✅ Holds immense importance in Shaivite tradition

📍 Historical Background
✅ Repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt across centuries
✅ First major recorded destruction in 1026 AD by Mahmud of Ghazni
✅ Destruction and rebuilding episodes documented by Al-Biruni
✅ Symbol of resilience of Indian spiritual and cultural heritage

📍 Post-Independence Reconstruction
✅ Reconstruction ordered by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on 12 November 1947
✅ Temple rebuilt using public contributions (no state funding)
✅ Pran Pratishtha (installation ceremony) performed on 11 May 1951
✅ Ceremony conducted by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, then President of India

📍 Civilisational Significance
✅ Represents continuity of faith despite invasions
✅ Embodies cultural nationalism and spiritual revival in modern India
✅ Often cited as a symbol of India’s civilisational endurance

Q. The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the new Circuit House near Somanath Temple at Verval. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple?
1. Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines
2. A description of Somnath Temple was given by Al-Biruni.
3. Pran Pratistha of Somnath Temple (installation of the present-day temple) was done by President S. Radhakrishnan.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
[A] 1 and 2 only

[B] 2 and 3 only

[C] 1 and 3 only

[D] 1, 2 and 3

Answer: A
#places_in_news
#prelims
#art_and_culture


https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

https://youtube.com/shorts/DrnchznZP1A?si=4hiZOpnd9hq2pz48

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2026年3月11日 18:24

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

Her Power, Her Story | Tag your Girl | international Women’s Day

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Women's day Special

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月11日 18:24

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

🔆 Important Sun Temples in India

📍 1. Modhera Sun Temple – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century during the Solanki dynasty.
✅ Dedicated to Surya (Sun God).
✅ Famous for the Surya Kund (stepwell) and intricate carvings.

📍 2. Konark Sun Temple – Odisha
✅ Built by Narasimhadeva I in the 13th century.
✅ Designed as a giant chariot (Rath) of the Sun God with 24 carved wheels.
✅ Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

📍 3. Brahmanya Dev Temple – Madhya Pradesh (Unao)
✅ Dedicated to the Sun God and known for historical significance.

📍 4. Suriyanar Kovil – Tamil Nadu
✅ Built in the 11th century in Dravidian architectural style.
✅ Unique temple with shrines for Navagraha (nine celestial bodies).
✅ Known for its five-tiered Gopuram.

📍 5. Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Temple Arasavalli – Andhra Pradesh
✅ Believed to be built by a Kalinga ruler in the 7th century.
✅ Idol made of granite holding a lotus.

📍 6. Dakshinaarka Sun Temple – Bihar
✅ Built in the 13th century by Prataparudra.
✅ Idol shows Persian-style attire (boots, jacket, girdle).
✅ Nearby Surya Kund (sacred water tank).

📍 7. Navlakha Temple Ghumli – Gujarat
✅ Built in the 11th century in Solanki / Maru-Gurjara architecture.
✅ East-facing temple built on a large platform.

📍 8. Surya Pahar – Assam
✅ Important archaeological site with Sun worship remains and temples.

📍 9. Martand Sun Temple – Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Built by Lalitaditya Muktapida in the 8th century.
✅ One of the earliest and grandest Sun temples in India.

📍 Exam Pointer (UPSC)
✅ Konark – Odisha – Chariot architecture
✅ Modhera – Gujarat – Surya Kund
✅ Martand – Kashmir – Karkota dynasty
✅ Suriyanar Kovil – Navagraha temple

#prelims
#art_and_culture


https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

🔆 Moonshot Project on Brain Co-processors

📍 Why in Focus?
The Indian Institute of Science in collaboration with Pratiksha Trust has launched a Moonshot project to develop advanced brain co-processors for neurological rehabilitation.

📍 About the Moonshot Project

✅ Aim: Develop implantable and non-invasive brain co-processors capable of:
• Decoding neural signals from brain recordings
• Processing the signals using AI
• Re-encoding them back into the brain via neural stimulation

✅ Primary Objective:
Restore reach and grasp ability in stroke survivors.

📍 What are Brain Co-processors?

✅ AI-powered bidirectional neural interfaces that:
• Decode brain signals
• Analyse neural activity
• Re-encode signals into the brain

✅ Go beyond conventional Brain Computer Interface (BCI).

✅ Target the complete cognitive loop, including:
• Perception
• Attention
• Decision-making
• Motor control

📍 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS)

✅ A technique that modulates brain activity without surgery.

✅ Key Methods:

• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
• Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

✅ Used for research and treatment of:
• Neurological disorders
• Psychiatric conditions
• Neurodegenerative diseases

📍 Concerns & Challenges

⚠️ Neural data privacy: Risk of misuse of sensitive brain data.

⚠️ Safety risks: Long-term effects of neural implants and stimulation remain uncertain.

⚠️ Potential misuse: Could be used for cognitive enhancement or surveillance.

⚠️ Regulation required: Need for strong ethical oversight and regulatory frameworks.

📍 Exam Pointer
✅ Brain co-processors → AI-based neural interfaces restoring brain functions.
✅ Use both implantable and non-invasive stimulation techniques.
✅ Major applications → stroke rehabilitation and neurological disorders.

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC
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Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

Meet UPSC 2025 Top 3 Toppers 🔥 AIR 1, AIR 2, AIR 3 #Anuj #Agnihotri #UPS...
https://youtube.com/shorts/ivsQYC8S00A?si=KNxiX_QCgVYO-57g

294

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

Iran Closes Hormuz | India at Risk?

https://youtube.com/shorts/zKnZDFh8Ilo?si=E1BypqOTbJzDPOjK

278

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

🔆 GREEN PARADOX — Urban Heat & Tree Plantation

📍 What’s the issue?
✅ Cities are heating up due to climate change + urban heat islands
✅ Tree plantation is promoted as a nature-based cooling solution — but results vary

📍 Key finding (Global study | Science Advances)
✅ Introduces Temperature Regulation Capability (TRC)
➡️ TRC = Vegetated area temperature − Built-up area temperature
➡️ Negative TRC = cooling, Positive TRC = warming

📍 What did the study find?
✅ Vegetation cooled cities in most cases
❌ Dry / arid cities showed warming instead of cooling
✅ Grasslands cooled built-up areas in 78% cities
✅ Trees cooled in 98% cities, but ~25% dry cities saw warming
⚠️ In arid zones, low water → weak evapotranspiration → reduced cooling

📍 Why the paradox?
✅ Vegetation cools via evapotranspiration
❌ In water-scarce cities, this process weakens
❌ Vegetation may absorb more sunlight than concrete
❌ Extreme heat reduces plant water loss → less cooling

📍 Core takeaway
⚠️ Planting trees is not a universal solution
⚠️ Misguided greening can worsen urban warming
✅ Urban planning must be climate- and water-context specific

🔆 Mains Question

📍 “Urban greening is often projected as a solution to rising city temperatures, yet recent studies highlight a ‘green paradox’.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.

#GS1 #GS3 #Environment

412

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

🔆 Elements of Ornamentation in Indian Temple Architecture

📍 Gavaksha

✅ Meaning: Sanskrit term meaning “bull’s eye” or “cow’s eye.”

✅ Architectural Role:
• Decorative arched window motif in Hindu temple architecture.
• Symbolically radiates the divine light of the deity from the sanctum (Garbhagriha).

✅ Symbolism:
• Represents a window through which the deity gazes upon the world.

📍 Vyala (Sardula)

✅ A composite mythical creature motif widely used in Indian temple sculpture.

✅ Structure:
• Usually lion-like body combined with features of animals like tiger, elephant, bird, etc.

✅ Depictions:
• Often shown fighting humans or attacking elephants in temple carvings.

✅ Symbolism:
• Represents strength, protection and royal power.

📍 Kalpa-lata

✅ Symbolic ornamental vine motif in temple art.

✅ Meaning:
• Represents the ever-growing vine of prosperity and abundance.

✅ Location in Temples:
• Carved on doorways, walls, pillars and perforated windows.

✅ Symbolism:
• Associated with fertility, wealth and divine blessings.

📍 Exam Pointer (UPSC)
✅ Gavaksha → Window / arch motif in temples
✅ Vyala → Composite mythical animal sculpture
✅ Kalpa-lata → Prosperity vine motif

#prelims
#art_and_culture


https://t.me/upsc_art_and_culture

386

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

UPSC 2025 Result Out || Meet the Top 3 Rankers #UPSC2025 #UPSCResult

https://youtube.com/shorts/QKEckEA89WA?si=EGa6dqnCjp1OUL-h

524

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

Toppers stories

Meet UPSC 2025 Top 3 Toppers 🔥 AIR 1, AIR 2, AIR 3 #Anuj #Agnihotri #UPS

https://youtube.com/shorts/ivsQYC8S00A?si=KNxiX_QCgVYO-57g

435

Upsc prelims

2026年3月10日 12:21

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2026年3月8日 22:31

🔆 Football for Schools (F4S) Programme

📍 Why in Focus?
Union Minister Sukanta Majumdar distributed footballs at Dakshin Dinajpur under the Football for Schools (F4S) initiative.

📍 About Football for Schools (F4S)

✅ A global programme by
👉 FIFA in collaboration with
👉 UNESCO

✅ Launched: 2019 (pilot projects in Puerto Rico and Lebanon)

📍 Implementation in India

✅ Implemented by Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education

✅ Supported by:
• All India Football Federation
• Sports Authority of India

✅ Nodal Institutions:
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti
• Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

📍 Aim
✅ Promote education, development and empowerment of around 700 million children globally.

📍 Objectives
✅ Integrate football into the education system
✅ Make sports accessible to both boys and girls
✅ Promote physical activity, teamwork and life skills

📍 Policy Alignment

The programme aligns with:

✅ Kazan Action Plan
✅ Education 2030 Framework
✅ WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity

📍 Coverage
✅ Achieved nationwide coverage in India
✅ Reached 33 States and Union Territories (as of March 2026).

#goverment_schemes

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571

Upsc prelims

2026年3月8日 22:31

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月8日 22:31

🔆 10 Years of Startup India Initiative (2016–2026)

📍 Context
✅ Startup India completes 10 years on 16 January 2026
✅ 16 January is celebrated as National Startup Day

📍 About Startup India Initiative
✅ Launch: 16 January 2016
✅ Nodal Agency: DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce & Industry
✅ Objective:
• Promote entrepreneurship
• Build a robust startup ecosystem
• Transform India from job seekers → job creators

📍 Three Core Pillars
✅ Simplification & Handholding
• Ease of compliance
• Regulatory & patent support
• Market access

✅ Funding Support
• Tax exemptions
• Startup Seed Fund
• Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS)
• Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGSS)

✅ Incubation & Industry–Academia Linkages
• MAARG Portal (Mentorship, Advisory, Assistance, Resilience & Growth

📍 Key Enablers & Platforms
✅ Startup India Hub
✅ BHASKAR (Bharat Startup Knowledge Access Registry) – discovery & networking
✅ SIPP Scheme – fast-tracking of patent applications

📍 Decadal Achievements (2016–2026)
✅ Global Standing
• 3rd largest startup ecosystem globally
• ~2.09 lakh DPIIT-recognised startups (till 2025)
• 120+ unicorns with valuation > $350 billion

✅ Employment & Inclusivity
• Over 21 lakh jobs created
• ~45% startups have at least one woman founder/director
• ~50% startups from Tier-II & Tier-III cities

📍 Other Schemes Supporting Startups
✅ Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)
✅ GENESIS (Gen-Next Support for Innovative Startups)
✅ NIDHI (National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovations)
✅ ASPIRE (Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industries & Entrepreneurship)

#goverment_schemes

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Upsc prelims

2026年3月8日 22:31

📷 Photo

🔆 Enhanced Delegation to POWERGRID: Equity Investment Limit Raised

📍 Why in Focus?
✅ Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved enhanced delegation to POWERGRID under DPE guidelines (2010) for Maharatna CPSEs.

📍 Key Highlights:
✅ Equity investment limit increased from ₹5,000 crore → ₹7,500 crore per subsidiary
✅ Existing cap of 15% of net worth retained
✅ Enables participation in UHVAC & HVDC transmission projects
✅ Supports evacuation of renewable energy to achieve 500 GW non-fossil fuel target
✅ Promotes competition via Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB) → better price discovery & affordable power

📍 Implications:
✅ Strengthens transmission infrastructure for energy transition
✅ Enhances financial autonomy of Maharatna CPSEs
✅ Boosts private competition in high-value transmission projects

✅ Prelims Question (MCQ style):
With reference to Maharatna CPSEs, consider the following statements:
1. Maharatna status is granted by the Department of Public Enterprises.
2. Maharatna CPSEs enjoy greater financial autonomy compared to Navratna CPSEs.
3. They can invest up to 15% of their net worth in a single project under delegated powers.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: D

✅ Mains Question:
Discuss the role of transmission infrastructure and financial autonomy of Central Public Sector Enterprises in achieving India’s renewable energy targets. (250 words)

✨ #GS3 #Energy

Upsc prelims

2026年3月8日 22:31

Why UAE Isn’t Fighting Back?

https://youtube.com/shorts/6yJ2lxWc3Fk?si=RJnjSXWP7SGikiYW

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